Have you ever stopped to think about the politics or economics of social media and digital sharing? Jaron Lanier has.
Stop
“offering yourselves up on a platter,” said Jaron Lanier. In today’s
world of social media and digital sharing, we upload, tweet, instagram,
share, and “like” with abandon. But have you ever stopped to think about
the politics or economics of this new world order?
Take
Instagram, for example. “When photography happened on film, a company
like Kodak directly employed 140,000 middle-class people,” all making
money from the products it created. Today, we have Instagram: a company
that recently sold for $1 billion, employs 13 people, and “makes money
off content that others—that is, you—create.”
You young
people ought to wake up. By buying into the digital lifestyle, “you’ve
become passive little playthings of Silicon Valley and Wall Street,
screwing yourselves over for their profit.” The sad thing is that this
isn’t “some evil conspiracy that’s taking away your future.” You’re
giving it away!
“You’re sending all your data to
companies in California so that they can sell behavioral models of you
to whoever pays them the most to manipulate you.” And in exchange, what
do you get? A chance to promote yourself? Likes and retweets?
Reputation? Goodwill? Those “informal online benefits” are great, but be
warned: “You can’t retire on them.”
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The Great Digital Con Game
How Google Makes Its Money
For a company that for the longest time was touted to "not have a product," Google is doing plenty well, and is poised to bring us all into the new age of connectivity. The editors at Best Accounting Schools decided to research the topic; below are some key facts and figures. Click here for the infographic!
Google made $33.3 billion last year
- With 97% ($32.2 bil) coming from online ads
- Making Google Ads more valuable than Panama (GDP)[3]
- And the 31 poorest countries in the world combined
- 70% of this revenue is from adwords, which allows business to advertise by popular keywords
Most expensive keywords
- 1. Insurance: $54.31 per click
- 2. Mortgage:$47.12 per click
- 3. Attorney $47.07 per click
- 4. Loans:$44.28 per click
- 5. Credit $36.06 per click
- 6. Lawyer
- 7. Donate
- 8. Degree
- 9. hosting
- 10. Claim
- 11. Conference Call
- 12. Trading
- 13. Software
- 14. Recovery
- 15. Transfer
- 16. Gas/Electricity
- 17. Classes
- 18. Rehab
- 19. Treatment
- 20. Cord Blood
And 30% is from AdSense
- Which allows business to advertise on particular sites
- Some of the most expensive ad placements
- 1. CBS March Madness on Demand $70 cost per thousand views
- 2. Hulu $35 cost per thousand views
- 3. Aol homepage takeover $500,000-$700,000
Chances are, you'll click on a link at some point. Google wants you to stay online as long as possible.
Both Google and other acquisitions are furthering Google's cause.
Google is the lab where future projects are developed. There, several ways in which to keep you online have been developed:
Driverless cars
- 300,000 miles have been logged in Google's driverless cars, which
use sensors and Google map technology to keep you on the road
- If you don't have to pay attention to the road, you can be online, for work, play, Google, etc.
Google Glass
- A form of augmented reality glasses, allow you to be online all the
time with an unobtrusive display within your upper visual field
The "web of things"
- Involves embedding many ordinary devices with internet connectivity
- Televisions, thermostats, refrigerators
Google Fiber
- Is busy hooking up Kansas City, Missouri, Provo, Utah, and Austin Texas, with lighting fast fiber optic internet access
- Including: 1 terabyte of Google drive storage
- and, 2 terabyte DVR service for subscribers
- That can record up to 8 tv shows at once
- Time Magazine has noted that Google does not want to enter the ISP
business, but rather wants to shame existing ISPs into improving service
so searches can be done more quickly
Plans for an elevator to space...
- Because what would you do out there without Google maps?
Other acquisitions by Google Include:
- YouTube
- Purchased for a--then--astounding $1.65 billion in 2006
- Youtube has proved to be plenty worth it
- As it is now the third most popular site online, with billions of ads shown yearly
- Motorola Mobility
- Purchased in 2011 for $12.5 billion
- Motorola is one of 39 Android handset producers
- Was bought primarily to "supercharge the Android ecosystem."
- Other Acquisitions include
- $676 mil for ITA software, a company merged into Google Flights
- $450 mil for Wildfire Interactive, a social network marketing engine
- $400 mil for AdMeld, an online advertising service
- $1.3 bil for Waze, a socially driven mapping technology to merge with Google Maps
- And $228 mil for slide.com, a social gaming site
- With 83.18% of searches worldwide occurring on Google, and the
right people thinking about how to funnel that for the collective, and
profitable, good, Google's not going anywhere. Just buckle up and enjoy
the ride.
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According
to Colleen Oakley, it's not just for Veronica Mars reboots. Graduating
with less debt could just take a couple of clicks.
When Kelli Space graduated from Northeastern University in 2009
with $200,000 of student loan debt, she panicked. Given that she had an
entry-level office manager job that didn't pay much, Space knew that it
was going to be tough to pay back that debt on her own.
But instead of deferring her payments — or not paying them at all, like many grads end up doing — she started a crowdfund, which is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising small amounts of money from a vast pool of people online.
"In
total, I received $13,000 from strangers around the world," she says.
And although that amount only made a small dent toward paying off her
debt, it had a big impact on her career trajectory — the experience
inspired Space and three friends to start Zero Bound, a company that
helps students and graduates crowdfund their own student loan debt in
exchange for community volunteering.
Space has not one but two
lofty goals with Zero Bound. "We hope to use the trend of crowdfunding
to not only help a generation pay off their debt, but also increase
volunteerism among an age bracket that actually volunteers the least,"
she says. "And, to that end, I believe that crowdfunding can be a
largely beneficial way to raise the funds to make that happen."
Space
isn't alone in her thinking. Since 2011, crowdfunding efforts have more
than tripled, and current campaigns are projected to raise more than
$5.1 billion worldwide in 2013.
But what started out as a way to
enable businesses and individuals to raise money for creative endeavors
without relying on such traditional financing sources as banks — take
the indie Veronica Mars Movie Project, which raised over five million
dollars on Kickstarter in just 30 days — has morphed into a means for
literally anyone to ask for money … for literally anything.
"Crowdfunding
is definitely branching out into multiple areas, including personal
causes," says Ellen Sperling, cofounder of crowdfunding site
YouveGotFunds.com. And, by personal, we're talking about everything from
surgeries to honeymoons. Why, you ask? "It's partly because the costs
for many of these regular items have skyrocketed," she says. "Medical
fees are through the roof, and even if you have health insurance, they
don't always cover certain medications and procedures, like fertility
treatments."
The same applies to financing higher education. "Why
would college students want to graduate owing $150,000-plus in loans,"
Sperling says, "if they have family, friends and possibly community
members who can help, enabling them to start their careers in a better
place?"
Brad Wyman, chief creative officer of FundAnything.com,
calls this new trend of personal crowdfunding a "virtual barn raising."
It's the online version of your own community rallying around you to
support you when you need it the most.
Take James and Adena
Reimer, a Canadian couple who started a campaign on FundAnything.com
when James, who'd been battling cystic fibrosis and bromchiolitis
obliterans, needed a second lung transplant. They were hoping to raise
$10,000 to "pay for medical bills that weren't being covered by my home
province," says James, 29. "We also had other expenses, like plane
tickets to fly my mom out to help, and emergency taxi trips to the
hospital."
They ended up raising a whopping $43,000 — and were
overcome with the outpouring of support. "If it wasn't for crowdfunding,
we'd probably have to take out a loan or beg family members," says
James. "It was a huge blessing!"
The Kujawas are using crowdfunding to help finance IVF.
Couples
are also turning to crowdfunding to help make their dreams of having
kids come true. Nate and Christy Kujawa of Spokane, Wash., had been
trying to get pregnant for about four years with no success. After
multiple doctor visits, Christy received a devastating double diagnosis
of psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's disease — and then Nate learned that
he had multiple sclerosis. Physicians told them that they had a two
percent chance of conceiving naturally, but a 95 percent chance with
IVF.
The only problem? It's an expensive solution.
So they
turned to the Internet. "I got the idea from a client of mine," says
Christy, 31. "We were talking about how expensive IVF was, and she
suggested I start a crowdfund. I actually knew a few people who had done
funding for cancer treatment, and to help replace things due to a house
fire, but no one specifically for IVF." To date, the Kujawas have
already raised one quarter of their $12,000 goal — and they say that the
response has been overwhelming.
A hand up or a handout? Most
people cringe at the thought of asking for financial support, and tend
to proceed with caution when asking friends or family for money — even
for worthy causes. So what makes doing it online so much more
acceptable?
"It's a lot less uncomfortable to ask someone to
check out your campaign than to put your hand out," says Wyman. "And for
life events, such as a wedding, look at it this way: It's similar to
registering for gifts at a store, except now the couple can ‘register'
for something that's more meaningful than china. And unlike just giving
cash, guests know that their contributions are going toward a couple's
real goal."
"People just want to help others. It's a strong
emotion that drives the crowdfunding industry as a whole." According to
Sperling, crowdfunding isn't just benefiting those raising the funds,
either — it's giving everyone a chance to give back. "Sometimes people
just want to help others," she says. "It's a strong emotion that drives
the crowdfunding industry as a whole."
Crowdfunding 101: A primer for success
Before
you jump on a crowdfunding bandwagon yourself, Wyman says that there
are a few things you should know when it comes to creating a good
campaign:
1. Set a realistic financial goal. If
potential contributors don't think that you'll be able to reach your
goal, they'll think twice about contributing to your campaign.
2. Craft a smart elevator pitch.
You should be able to explain your cause in two to three concise
sentences. And before you share that pitch with potential donors,
practice it on your friends and family.
3. Be your best marketing team. Tell
everyone you know that you've launched a campaign, and invite them to
visit. And be sure to consistently update the campaign, so there's a
reason for people to keep on visiting your site.
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Poetry: smartphone-style
This is a guest post written by Charlotte Kertrestel, do enjoy!
“I wandered lonely as a cloud”...“texting on my new iPhone 5”. Sound
familiar? Ok, so perhaps not the second line. I’m sure when Wordsworth
wrote the lines of ‘Daffodils’, he imagined his sister, Dorothy, roaming
through green pastures and trickling streams, marvelling at the wonders
of the natural world. But now it seems that while modern poets might be
getting their inspiration from alternative sources, they are also
recording their innermost thoughts not with traditional pen and ink that
the likes of Coleridge and Oscar Wilde, but with their mobile phones.
Not
long ago I witnessed a friend recounting a rather unfortunate date that
she had experienced the previous week. To top it off, she told me, with
a particularly cringing look on her face, he wrote her a heartfelt love
poem. Or rather he WhatsApped the said lyrical masterpiece.
Once
upon a time, when mobile phones were a new and exciting phenomenon,
users developed what we all will be familiar with as ‘text speak’; a new
language whereby all words from the English dictionary were contracted
and dissected, with letters changed for numbers, and numbers for words.
The aim of this wasn’t to increase the challenge of having to decipher a
text message before you could make sense of what was being said, but
was ultimately due to the limited number of characters that could be
sent in one message. Back in the day, you could only write 160
characters to limit a message to one single text. After all, this was
before the days of unlimited text packages, when it cost you at least
10p to tell your mum what you wanted for tea, or to warn your friends
that you were running late. It simply wasn’t feasible to demonstrate
your finest vocabulary from the English language when a simple ‘C U l8r’
would suffice.
I for one am a firm hater of text speak- or
should I say ‘txt spk’?- mainly because I’m not always brilliant at
breaking the undecipherable code that some text messages can become. But
I also hate it because of the fact that I actually value real words. In
fact, I’ll admit that I’ve even gone as far as dumping a boyfriend due
to his inability to compose a fully-fledged text message using full
words that feature in the Oxford dictionary. Heartless, I know.
But
while I may prefer to read a text message or email which reads as
fluidly as a novel, it would seem that others are willing to celebrate
works written in text speak. Back in 2001, the Guardian newspaper
launched a nation-wide poetry competition especially targeted at mobile
phone users. The competition limited entrants to using only one text
message within which they had to compose a poem in either plain or
shorthand English. The winning poem, written by a Hetty Hughes, won the
prize. Courtesy of the Guardian newspaper, the poem goes as follows:
txtin iz messin,
mi headn'me englis,
try2rite essays,
they all come out txtis.
gran not plsed w/letters shes getn,
swears i wrote better
b4 comin2uni.
&she's african
Texting
has changed a lot since 2001, however. With the influx of mobile phone
developments over the past ten years, the majority of users now benefit
from having access to unlimited text messages though pay-monthly
tariffs. Also, with all smartphones featuring a QWERTY keyboard, whether
physical or touchscreen, there really is no excuse not to type text
messages out in full, plain English. Because of this, it’s now easier
than ever to use your mobile phone to do what you would otherwise use a
computer, or even a pen and paper for: to write. Whether you are sitting
on the bus when you suddenly get a wave of inspiration, or whether
you’re lying awake at night, pining over a lost love, the mobile phone
seems to be the modern instrument to record your masterpieces.
That
said, there has been a recent drop in the popularity of mobile phone
poetry. Perhaps when the 160 character limit was taken away, the
challenge of producing a text-style poem deemed became pointless for
mobile poets. Though that is not to say that writing poetry using your
smartphone is entirely a dying trend; with today’s smartphones offering
users a multitude of functions, from texting, emailing and messaging on
social media platforms, it is probable that modern poets are still
writing pieces on their phones, but just not in the traditional text
message format. In fact, Twitter poems have become the new phenomenon
for modern smartphone era. With a 140 character limit, many users are
typing out their ideas and emotions in tweets on the social media site,
presenting their poems to the world. This can surely only be a good
thing: poetry has so often been considered an art for the professionals,
or for those who hide away their words on scraps of paper in bottom
drawers. With the help of smartphones, poetry has now become accessible
to all budding writers, or interested readers, with a simply touch of a
button. For an example of Twitter poems, check out @TwitterPoetry.
Smartphones
have not only enabled the pubic to write and read poetry by amateurs,
though. There are numerous apps available for download which enable
poetry enthusiasts to read the famous, or not so famous, words of, say,
Carol Anne Duffy, Rupert Brooke, or even Edgar Allan Poe. The Poetry
Foundation has released an app for both iOS and Android devices, which
gives readers access to thousands of poems. Whether you’re a Literature
student studying Shakespeare, or just Joe Blogs who enjoys reading good
poems, the free app can make poetry accessible, in more ways than one.
So
next time you’re feeling creative, you don’t necessarily have to reach
for a notepad. Browse, type, tweet; with smartphone technology, the
message can be firmly put out there: poetry doesn’t have to be boring.
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Watch 24 hours of internet activity around the world in 8 seconds
The animated map,
from an anonymous researcher, is beautiful, mesmerizing — and made
using highly illegal means, according to Peter Weber. Behold, the
internet. In about eight seconds, you can watch a whole day's worth of
internet activity around the world, with the higher activity in reds and
yellows and the wave shape showing where it's day and night.
The map was put together by an anonymous researcher in a self-styled "Internet Census 2012."
Why isn't he or she taking credit for this remarkable feat of
cyber-cartography? The data came from infecting 420,000 computers with
automated, web-crawling botnets — and "hacking into 420,000 computers is
highly illegal," says Adam Clark Estes at Vice.
What are we actually seeing, and how sketchy is its provenance? The
researcher, using the 420,000 infected devices, tried to figure out how
many of the world's 3.6 billion IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)
addresses are active; roughly speaking, he got responses from 1.2
billion devices around the world. The map shows the average usage of
each device each half hour.
The map isn't totally comprehensive: His botnet, called Carna (after
"the Roman goddess for the protection of inner organs and health"),
only infected Linux-based devices with some user name–password
combination of "root," "admin," or nothing. Also, the world is slowly
switching to IPv6, and Carna doesn't measure those devices — in fact, he
says, "with a growing number of IPv6 hosts on the internet, 2012 may
have been the last time a census like this was possible." At the same
time, "this looks pretty accurate," HD Moore, who used ethical and legal
means to conduct a similar survey of smaller scope but larger
timeframe, tells Ars Technica.
That said, it's a snapshot of 2012, with a limited shelf life. "With
cheap smartphones taking off in Africa and $20 tablets popping up in
India, the world is becoming more connected by the minute," says Vice's Estes.
"So in a few years' time that confetti-colored map of the world above
will look less like a chart of privilege and more like an acid trip of
progress."
As for the ethics of this census, let's call it "interesting, amoral, and illegal," says Infosecurity Magazine.
The [botnet] binaries he developed and deployed — it's difficult to
call them malware since they had no mal-intent; but it's difficult not
to call them malware since they were installed without invitation — were
designed to do no harm, to run at the lowest possible priority, and
included a watchdog to self-destruct if anything went wrong. He also
included a readme file with "a contact email address to provide feedback
for security researchers, ISPs and law enforcement who may notice the
project." [Infosecurity]
And if we're being charitable, you could argue that he performed a
public service by highlighting how poorly protected our computers,
routers, and other internet-connected devices are. Here's a "crude
physical analogy" for what the researcher did, says Michael Lee at ZDNet:
By himself, he would have been like "a burglar who walks from house to
house in a neighborhood, checking to see whether anyone has forgotten to
put a lock on their door."
With an opportunistic attack, given enough "neighborhoods" and enough
time, one could potentially gain an insight into how poorly protected
people are. However, with the burglar being a single person, doing so
would take them a prohibitively long time — unless, theoretically, they
were able to recruit vulnerable households and send them to different
neighborhoods to do the same.... The Carna botnet... highlighted just
how many people left their metaphorical front doors unlocked by using
default passwords and user logins. [ZDNet]
Still, if this researcher were caught in the U.S., he'd "likely be
slapped with one violation of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act for every
computer breached and face something like 50 consecutive life sentences
for the sum total," says Vice's Estes. "(I'm being sightly facetious here but only slightly.)" So why take that risk? To see if it could be done, basically.
Building and running a gigantic botnet and then watching it as it
scans nothing less than the whole internet at rates of billions of IPs
per hour over and over again is really as much fun as it sounds like. I
did not want to ask myself for the rest of my life how much fun it could
have been or if the infrastructure I imagined in my head would have
worked as expected. I saw the chance to really work on an internet
scale, command hundred thousands of devices with a click of my mouse,
portscan and map the whole internet in a way nobody had done before,
basically have fun with computers and the internet in a way very few
people ever will. I decided it would be worth my time. [Internet Census 2012]
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Yes, the Internet is making you a meaner person (so let's be nice!)
Wow, according to an article by Chris Gayomali, 80 percent of one
survey's participants say we're all becoming jerks. I have to say, over
the years I've seen the problem getting worse. Let's see what he found
out...
Hello, Internet user! Have you witnessed anyone being mean on a website today? Chances are you have!
According
to a new survey from corporate training advisers VitalSmarts, nearly 80
percent of 3,000 respondents believe that people are becoming
increasingly rude on the Internet. What's more disturbing, though, is
that those same folks doing the finger-wagging say they have "no qualms"
about being big ol' jerkfaces themselves when they're hurling insults
in comment sections or getting into shouting matches on Facebook.
Other sad-face statistics from the survey include:
* Two in five users have severed contact with a one-time pal due to a digital altercation
* One in five people try to avoid former friends IRL that they've had an online argument with
How
do otherwise decent human beings with hearts and stuff suddenly
transform into ALL-CAPS USING JERKS not-nice-people when they're behind a
computer screen?
One probable answer, says VitalSmarts co-chairman Joseph Grenny, is
that a lack of peer pressure in the digital realm means people feel like
they can get away with being rude. Here's what Grenny recommends doing
if you want your pixelated approximation to reflect a kinder, gentler
you (and really, who doesn't?):
He said three rules that could
improve conversations online were to avoid monologues, replace lazy,
judgmental words, and cut personal attacks particularly when emotions
were high.
In other words, yeah, that 800-word knee-jerk
manifesto you were going to leave on your pal's Facebook status probably
isn't the best idea in the world. We can change this! The next time
something you read online makes you angry (probably in the next two
minutes?), close your eyes, take a deep breath, and step away from the
keyboard (or just close the tab). There. That wasn't so bad, was it?
So,
let's all take it upon ourselves to not be jerks on the Internet. It's
the hot new thing going forward in 2013. We can do this, you guys.
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How to search like a spy: Google's secret hacks revealed
Try: "filetype:xls site:za confidential"
The National Security Agency in May of 2013 declassified a hefty 643-page research manual called Untangling the Web: A Guide to Internet Research that, at least at first, doesn't appear all that interesting. That is, except for one section on page 73: "Google Hacking."
"Say
you're a cyberspy for the NSA and you want sensitive inside information
on companies in South Africa," explains Kim Zetter at Wired. "What do you do?"
Well,
you could type the following advanced search into Google —
"filetype:xls site:za confidential" — to uncover a trove of seemingly
private spreadsheets. How about an Excel file containing Russian
passwords? Try: "filetype:xls site:ru login."
These are just two
examples of the numerous private files that are inadvertently uploaded
to the Internet, and can be accessed if you know the right Google search
terms.
Pretty neat, huh? Declassified information being what it is, though, some of the search tips can appear a little dated.
And even if keyboard espionage isn't really your thing, the document
contains a number of practical tips anyone can use to become a better
Googler:
* Adding a tilde (~) immediately before a term will search for its
synonyms. For example: "Scary ~animals" will also search for "scary
creatures," etc.
* Repeating a word will help you find more
relevant hits. For example a search for "java coffee coffee coffee" will
cut down on the results about the programming language.
* You
can use Google wildcard (*) to replace a term in a query if you don't
know exactly what you're searching for. For example: "Sacramento is the *
of California."
Take a look if you're interested over here. (Via Wired)
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Why Facebook makes breaking up even worse
Don't underestimate the emotional pain of going from "In a
Relationship" to "Single" says Emily Shire, oh man, is she right. Are
you a deleter, a keeper, or a selective disposer? Either way, technology
is messing with your personal relationships.
Before you
gleefully change your status to "in a relationship" and post photos with
your new love for all of Facebook to see, consider this: A new study
suggests that photos, posts on Facebook, and other digital reminders of
an ex-love may prolong the pain of a break-up. Corina Sas of Lancaster
University in the United Kingdom and Steve Whitaker of University of
California Santa Cruz have researched how having to "dispos[e] of
digital possessions" — posts, blog entries, videos, photos, even songs —
hinders people's ability to move on after a relationship.
The
authors interviewed 24 people aged 19 to 34 about their digital-breakup
habits and found that they fell into three categories: Deleters, who
immediately erase all texts, untag all photos, and defriend their exes;
keepers, who hold onto everything and continue to follow (let's be
real... stalk) their exes on Facebook; selective disposers, who hang
onto just a few special physical and digital possessions and are "more
adaptive" (healthier). Unfortunately, only four of those interviewed
fell into that last category.
The other two approaches come with their own emotional turmoil that is exacerbated by social media.
For the deleters, their actions are often impulsive. How many of us
have sat with our laptops open and a glass of Merlot and quickly
de-friended an ex on Facebook or erased their texts? This is "beneficial
on a short-term basis," say the authors. However, "deleters sometimes
regret failing to save mementos symbolizing a chapter in their lives."
Moreover, total deletion isn't even always an option on Facebook. As
Nick Collins at The Telegraph writes "pictures and messages posted on social networks are not so easy to erase, especially if they have been posted online by someone else."
For
the keepers, it's extra hard to say goodbye to an old boyfriend or
girlfriend. One participant admitted: "I try to get his information
through social networks in a quiet way." According to the authors,
keepers' behavior "leads the romantic attachment to persist, which
prolongs the grief process." Facebook, in particular, is "very
problematic," Sas told Today. "The other person is just a click
away. There's almost this continual contact which is very compelling."
While we can cut people out of photographs, donate exes' sweaters to
charity (or burn them), and even delete phone numbers, finding the most
up-to-date info on old flames is just a matter of one tempting search on
Facebook. Furthermore, since there is such an abundance of digital
memories in 21st century relationships, Sas adds that locating and
erasing them all is "very, very emotionally taxing."
So, what are
the impulsive and weak-willed Facebook users to do? The authors suggest
the creation of "Pandora's Box" software that "scours online profiles
for any trace of a former loved one and stores them in one place." Then,
people can later erase or keep whichever digital possessions they
choose... when they're in a better state of mind.
"Deleting, defriending, and signing out of an account can be done quietly and with dignity," writes Daisy Buchanan at The Guardian. "And when you're newly single, preserving your dignity should be your top priority."
See also: cyberimmortality cyberspace cybersuicide cybersoul digital footprint digital estate management service
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Samsung's super-fast '5G' antenna: What you need to know
Gigabyte-per-second download speeds? Yes, please, says Chris
Gayomali. If the ability to download every season of Game of Thrones in a
few seconds is the kind of thing that blows your hair back, you're in
luck. Samsung has reportedly been hard at work building a lightning-fast
"5G" antenna that would make gigabytes-per-second file-transfers on your phone a legitimate possibility. Here's what you need to know about it:
What is 5G exactly?
Wireless
networks like AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile rely on spectrum bands to
transfer information through the air. The latest and fastest cellular
standard in the U.S., 4G, operates in the upper 700 MHz spectrum.
Samsung says it's built an antenna that can transfer data at a rate of up to 1.056 Gbps
using the 28 GHz spectrum band. Yes, that means over a gigabyte of data
per second — "several hundred times faster" than current 4G networks,
notes Mashable.
Translation: Web pages that boot up instantly. Or streaming movies in glorious HD without so much as a hiccup.
(N.B.:
5G as an official standard hasn't been established yet, but Samsung is
presumably using it here to characterize whatever high-speed network
comes after 4G.)
How does it work?
The
technology relies on an array transceiver using 64 different antenna
elements. According to Samsung, it's kind of like how "increased water
flow requires a wider pipe." So far, the new antenna works for distances
up to 2 kilometers, or a little over a mile, and could theoretically be
implemented in antenna towers nationwide.
What would a new high-speed network entail?
Hopefully, a 5G network will require fewer ugly cell towers adorning city skylines :-)
Buildings,
physical geography like hills and mountains, and even atmospheric
disturbances like rain or snow can interfere with a network's signal.
That's one of the many reasons why cell towers are built high up. But
Samsung's breakthrough reportedly eliminates "atmospheric attenuation,"
or basically when radio signals get absorbed by rain and snow.
In
addition, it's believed that the key to building faster networks —
especially indoors — lies in putting a larger number of smaller stations
close to where users live, Jens Zander, professor and dean at KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, tells PC World.
So can I expect blazing-fast speeds on my phone?
Theoretically, yes. In actuality, well... we'll just have to see. Matt Peckham at TIME notes that just because the upper threshold for speed exists doesn't mean phone- and tablet-owners will be able to reach it:
The trouble's not that my 4G smart phone or tablet
connection isn't fast enough (in theory) to instantly stream high
quality videos and music — even a 3G connection's capable of competently
handling services like Netflix or Spotify, after all — it's that these
connections often live down to worst-case expectations because the
towers are simply overcrowded.
The reason cell service providers
are putting the kibosh on unlimited data plans (and raising usage costs
for their real bugaboo, data tethering) has as much to do with crowd
control as scraping a little extra from our purses. It goes without
saying, but I'll say it anyway: The faster you make mobile communication
technology, the more likely people are to use it and the more likely
the network’s going to choke.
When is 5G coming?
Samsung
says the antenna tech will be ready to commercialize seven years down
the road, or around 2020. If we're lucky, maybe Game of Thrones will
even be done by then.
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Google vs. Sweden: The linguistic war over the word 'ogooglebar'
The lovely, bouncy word ogooglebar means "something unable to be found on a search engine." And according to Arika Okrent, Google doesn't like it.
The
Swedish Language Council is the semi-official authority on matters
pertaining to Swedish language use. In addition to issuing
recommendations on spelling and grammar, it puts out an annual list of
new Swedish words. The list tends toward the playful, covering the same
type of coinages that various organizations nominate for "word of the
year" in the English speaking world (YOLO,
hashtag, fiscal cliff). The Swedes' 2012 list included 40 new words,
including "henifiera" — a word for the practice of replacing the
gendered "he" and "she" pronouns in Swedish (han and hon) with the
neutral "hen."
But more interestingly, for the first time ever, a
word has been removed from the list. Today, Language Council director
Ann Cederberg announced that they will be removing the word "ogooglebar"
(ungoogleable) — thanks to pressure from Google, which objected to the
council's definition of the word as "something unable to be found on a
search engine." Rather than give in to the company's demands to change
the definition to refer to a Google search rather than any old web search, the council has decided to drop the word entirely.
Cederberg
makes clear, however, that this doesn't mean the word is gone from the
language. "Who has authority over language? We do, the language users.
We decide together which words should exist and how they should be
defined, used and spelled. Language is the result of an ongoing
democratic process. We all participate in deciding which words to let
into the language by choosing the words we use. If we want 'ogooglebar'
in the language we will use the word, and it is our use that will
determine the meaning — not the pressure of a multinational company."
She
also points out that anyone who now googles "ogooglebar" will not only
find the original Language Council definition, but also all of the
surrounding coverage about the decision to take the word off the list.
All of it is now part of the history of the word and its usage, on
record online for anyone curious about the meaning of this lovely,
bouncy word, no matter which search engine they might be using.
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Rainbows and Unicorns: A Linguistic History
It all seems to date back to a 19th-century French book. It's not all
rainbows and butterflies, you know. Or rainbows and unicorns. Or
butterflies and unicorns. But when it comes to referring to impossibly
perfect conditions where everyone's happy and nothing goes wrong, we're
living in a golden age of RBUs.
A
Google News search for just the past week brings up almost 500 hits for
rainbows and unicorns or rainbows and butterflies. On this Google Ngram
Viewer graph below, you can see that both expressions, as well as
butterflies and rainbows, are on the rise, with rainbows and unicorns in
particular shooting steadily up since 2003.
Rainbows and
butterflies came together first. The earliest attestation I've found is
from an 1864 book by Jenny d' Hericourt (translated from French) titled A Woman's Philosophy of Woman, where on pages 191 and 192 we read:
...if
[women] were free and happy they would be less eager for illusions and
cajoleries and it would no longer be necessary in writing to them to
place rainbows and butterflies' wings under contribution…
It's
butterfly wings instead of entire butterflies, but the sentiment seems
the same. The phrase also occurs in William S. Lord's 1897 poem Jingle
and Jangle, which lists some things that the pleasant sound of a
jingling bell brings to mind:
Sunshine and sugar and honey and bees
Rainbows and butterflies wings,
Bird songs and brook songs and wide spreading trees,
Of joy little Jingle bell sings.
Butterflies
and rainbows also appears in the late 19th century, in an 1896
editorial that scornfully refers to the idea of moving the U.S. to a
dual gold-and-silver standard as "chasing free silver butterflies and
rainbows."
Pairings of rainbows with butterflies (not just
butterflies' wings) continue to appear on into the 20th century, often
as the objects of chasing, before the steady rise in the graph that
began in the 1970s. Since then, "rainbows and butterflies" has been the
title of a 1983 song by Billy Swan, the title of two books of poetry,
and part of the lyrics of Maroon 5's 2005 song "She Will Be Loved."
In
the 1980s, unicorns made their entry, at around the same time that
Hasbro began marketing its My Little Pony line of toys, which included
both a Rainbow Ponies and a Unicorn Ponies collection. However, I can't
claim that this event was the you-got-your-chocolate-in-my-peanut-butter
moment for rainbows and unicorns; it may be that an increasing
popularity of unicorns was responsible for both phenomena. A 2010 post
on the Zandl Marketing Group's blog puts the increasing popularity of
rainbows and unicorns in the context of the mainstreaming of gay
cultural symbols. In any case, in the mid-80s we begin to see examples
like this one from 1984:
The only calendars left in the stores just before the holidays are those with unicorns and rainbows on them.
Although
unicorns arrived late to the party, they've hit it off so well with
rainbows that for some, it's not enough just to have the two words
conjoined by and. In the past few years, unicorns that fart rainbows
seem to have become their own meme. For an even tighter linkage, there's
Lady Rainicorn, a half-rainbow, half-unicorn character in Cartoon
Network's Adventure Time series.
These days, unicorns sometimes
get together with butterflies to the exclusion of rainbows. There aren't
enough examples to have been captured in the Google Ngram corpus, but
Google Books has a 1996 example of butterflies and unicorns in
Skywriting, by Margarita Engle:
I would take the alligators out of its rivers and the scorpions out of its soil, replacing them with butterflies and unicorns.
In the other order, "Unicorns and Butterflies" is the name of not one but two blogs, each begun sometime in the last two years.
Some
people prefer not to choose between unicorns and butterflies with their
rainbows. The "Rainbows and Butterflies and Unicorns" Facebook page
doesn't. And in the 2008 movie Horton Hears a Who, a child character
takes that earlier scatological unicorn-rainbow connection, reverses its
direction, and brings in the butterflies, telling of an imaginary world
where "there are unicorns who eat rainbows and poop butterflies!"
Other
words to appear in RBU contexts include smiles, sunshine, balloons,
bunnies, kittens, and lollipops. In a 1981 monologue, Steve Martin
declares that he believes in "rainbows and puppy dogs and fairy tales."
Three-syllable nouns, it seems, tend to be favored for rainbow
collocations; specifically, three-syllable nouns consisting of an
unstressed syllable sandwiched between two stressed syllables:
BUTTerflies, Unicorns, LOLlipops, PUPpydogs, FAIRy tales. This kind of
three-syllable string is known in poetry circles as a cretic.
So
if you'd like to enrich the language with some new rainbow-cretic
collocations, I offer my suggestion: Rainbows and boogeymen and heart
attacks.
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How 3-D Printers Might Help Us Build a Base on the Moon
Mankind's quest to live among the stars gets a little more realistic with the advent of 3-D printing.
If
humanity's longtime dream of a moon colony is ever going to be
achieved, its architects will have to deal with the fundamental
logistical problem of having to haul boatloads of building materials
into outer space — an expensive and time-consuming endeavor that, quite
simply, isn't feasible considering the financial troubles NASA is
currently facing.
So... what then? The answer, say
skyward-looking engineers, is to harvest available materials from the
moon itself. The European Space Agency recently revealed plans to use a 3-D printer to build the complex shapes and pieces of equipment that would make up an inhabitable space base.
3-D
printing, lest you forget, is a technique that allows users to "print"
three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer. Usually, the printers employ
plastic in place of ink, but a diverse range of materials like metal,
clay, and yes, even chocolate can be used to print toys, furniture, or
whatever else can be sketched out with AutoCAD, software for
computer-assisted design and drafting. More recently, 3-D printers have
been the subject of intense scrutiny, with several media outlets
reporting that people can theoretically build operational handguns and
rifles at home if they download the correct plans.
Now, a team of
researchers from the architecture firm Foster + Partners is exploring
the possibility of using portable 3-D printers to convert lunar material
into a moon base. Working with a UK-based company called Monolite,
researchers were able to chemically mold sand-like material together
with a special kind of binding salt that forms into a sturdy, stone-hard
solid. "Our current printer builds at a rate of around 2 m per hour,"
Monolite founder Enrico Dini tells Discovery News, "while our
next-generation design should attain 3.5 m per hour, completing an
entire building in a week." (Take a look at the base and the machine
here.)
This, however, isn't the first time 3-D printing has been
tapped to possibly build a moon base. Last year, NASA challenged
researchers at Washington State University to develop a technique to
build smooth, cylindrical shapes for a future space habitat.
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3-D Printing: The Next Industrial Revolution
Three-dimensional printers make manufacturing possible at home. Could they spell the end of mass production?
What is 3-D printing?
It’s
a revolutionary manufacturing process in which the design for physical
objects, from toys to jewelry to machine parts, can be digitally
transmitted to a device that makes them out of plastic, metal, or
ceramic materials. Once the stuff of science fiction, 3-D printers
have rapidly evolved in recent years, becoming smaller, faster, and
cheaper. A basic, microwave-size 3-D printer costs less than $1,000,
making almost anyone a potential manufacturer. Tonight Show host Jay
Leno uses a $30,000 device to print hard-to-find parts for his
collection of classic cars. “It’s a bit like when I was a kid and I
watched The Jetsons and they’d walk up to a machine and press a button
and get a steak dinner,” Leno said. “But instead of a steak dinner,
you’re getting an old car part.”
How do 3-D printers work?
Just as a traditional ink-jet printer sprays ink onto a page line by line, modern 3-D
devices deposit material onto a surface layer by layer, slowly building
up a shape. The process begins with a designer using computer software
to create a virtual 3-D model of an object, such as a toy car. Another
program slices that model into thin horizontal sections and instructs
the printer to lay down an exact replica of each slice. Some printers
use a computer-controlled heated nozzle that moves back and forth across
a print platform, setting down a layer of melted material. Others use a
laser or electron beam to fuse powdered plastic or metal into the
required shape. After each layer is completed, the printing platform is
lowered by a fraction of a millimeter and the next layer is added, until
the object is completed.
What’s the advantage of this technology?
It
makes it easier and cheaper for ordinary people to get into the
business of making things. Inventors can print a model of their latest
creation in a few hours, then tweak it and print again, instead of
waiting weeks for a prototype to emerge from a factory. Injection
molding, which requires toolmakers to build metal casts into which
heated plastic is poured, is only cost-efficient for large-scale
production. With 3-D printing, the cost per unit stays the same whether
you manufacture one part or one million. “I can cost-effectively make a
cellphone cover that is unique to every customer,” said Ryan Wicker, an
engineer at the University of Texas at El Paso. “I could build 100
different ones just as cost-effectively as building them all the same.”
What are people printing now?
MyRobotNation.com
lets customers design their own toy robot, which is manufactured on a
3-D printer, and the online retailer Shapeways.com sells everything from
printed jewelry to desk toys. But the technology isn’t being used just
to build novelties. Danish firm Widex prints hearing aids perfectly
tailored to the wearer’s ear canal, and San Francisco’s Bespoke
Innovations is experimenting with printing custom-fitted prosthetic
limbs. Aerospace firms like Boeing and EADS are starting to print
complex aircraft parts in single pieces rather than multiple sections.
By doing away with bolts and screws that previously held components
together, 3-D printing has reduced the weight of certain parts by up to
30 percent, saving fuel costs, said Boeing design engineer Michael
Hayes. Eventually, Boeing thinks it might be able to print an entire
aircraft wing. “That’s where the industry is trying to go,” said Hayes.
What more could 3-D printing do?
A
possible next step is for virtually every home to have its own printer.
“Once that happens, it will change everything,” said Carl Bass, CEO of
Autodesk, which makes imaging software used by designers, architects,
and engineers. “See something on Amazon you like? Instead of placing an
order and waiting 24 hours for your FedEx package, just hit print and
get it in minutes.” Most experts, though, think the Jetsons era remains
far off. The desktop 3-D printers available on the market now can only
extrude plastic, limiting the objects they can produce. And even if you
owned an advanced machine capable of creating whatever you wanted, you’d
need a large stockpile of different materials. If your microwave breaks
and you want to print a replacement part, “what are the chances that
your 3-D printer is going to have the right material?” said industry
analyst Terry Wohlers.
How might people use 3-D printers in the future?
Instead
of fiddling around at home, we’re likely to turn to manufacturing hubs
with specialist 3-D printing machines, “rather like when people go to
specialist shops to get higher quality photos printed,” said Richard
Hague, an expert on 3-D printing at Loughborough University in the U.K.
Once introduced on an industrial scale, 3-D printing could have a
profound economic impact. Companies would no longer need to keep huge
warehouses filled with goods, as products could be printed locally on
demand. And 3-D printing could compel American manufacturers to
repatriate production now done abroad. “There is nothing to be gained by
going overseas,” said Bespoke Innovations co-founder Scott Summit,
“except for higher shipping charges.”
Download, print, aim, fire
Forget
background checks and waiting periods. If you have a 3-D printer, you
might soon be able to build a gun in your own home. That’s the goal of a
group called Defense Distributed, which wants to create downloadable
blueprints anyone could use to print a fully functioning firearm.
They’re not there yet, but late last year the project’s leader,
University of Texas law student Cody Wilson, announced that the group
had successfully fired six shots from a semiautomatic AR-15 rifle built
with several printed plastic parts. The gun then fell apart. Rep. Steve
Israel (D-N.Y.) is urging Congress to renew the Undetectable Firearms
Act—which bans the production of guns that don’t show up on metal
detectors—before it expires at the end of 2013. “When the [act] was last
renewed in 2003, a gun made by a 3-D printer was like a Star Trek
episode,” he said. “But now we know it’s real.”
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How to Travel the World... While Working!
Vanessa Van Edwards' 6-step roadmap to taking the "workation" of your dreams is an inspiration! Check it out...
"I
take a sip of chilled Sauvignon Blanc while gazing at the sprawling
vineyards below my balcony. With the sun on my face, my husband and I
dig into some fresh fruit from the local farmers' market — crisp pears,
figs and goat cheese.
A warm breeze flutters the gauzy fabric of
my sundress as we open our laptops to start the workday. It's 1:00 PM in
Santa Cruz, Chile, 9:00 AM on the West Coast in the U.S. — and day 17
of our "workation."
Six years ago, my husband (then boyfriend)
and I set out to find a way to develop our careers while traveling the
world — and without breaking the bank.
People told us we were crazy.
During
some of our low points — power outages in China, freak storms in
Belgium and lost luggage in South America — we thought that they might
be right. But the highlights, such as working from a cruise ship that
was sailing through Chilean fjords, have made what we have dubbed our
"workations" worth the effort.
To date, we've taken our virtual
office to 24 locations, turning the process of traveling while working
into a science. Whether you're an independent entrepreneur like me or
you hold down a regular nine-to-five (the way my husband does as a marketing
manager for an education company), you, too, can see the high-rises of
Shanghai, the peaks of Patagonia or the beaches in Singapore — all while
achieving your career goals.
The Career Benefits of Workations
Before you decide that taking a workation would be the equivalent of committing job suicide, consider these facts:
* Research has found that multi-cultural experiences and exotic surroundings generate more inspired and creative work.
*
Workations decrease stress, which increases productivity, and leads to
fewer sick days. Studies show that people with high levels of stress
spend nearly 50 percent more on health expenses.
* A study in the
Harvard Business Review found that when employees take just one day off
per week, they report greater job satisfaction, more open communication
with team members and better work-life balance, compared to regular
employees.
As long as you do it right, a workation could very
well improve your performance. Here are six of my personal tips to help
get you on the road to work-travel bliss.
1. Take stock of your job
It's
true that workations best lend themselves to certain professions,
especially ones that require a lot of computer work. So surgeons or
chefs probably won't be able to pull off a workation regularly, if at
all.
But if you do have a job that can be done mostly by computer
or phone, you should try to fit workations — even just one every year
or two — into your life. As for work tasks that need to be done in
person, most can be accomplished virtually on a temporary basis, such as
face-to-face meetings via Skype or conference calls conducted using
speakerphone.
For example, my husband is on work video chat from
nine to five, so his team can send questions any time — and ask to see
the view from wherever in the world we're working.
2. Prepare before talking to your boss
First,
try to schedule a workation for times that work best with your office
schedule, such as a slow month. Or look at tacking a workation onto a
work conference or some other event that requires travel, so you can
spend a few extra days workationing before or after the work trip.
Once
you pinpoint a good time, draft a plan to make your workation go as
smoothly as possible. It should account for any necessary meetings, time
zone differences and your ability to stay in touch. If needed, plan to
also work during the hours that you normally spend commuting. And try to
propose the idea of a workation to your manager right after you've
delivered on an important goal — no boss will grant a workation to an
employee who isn't performing well.
3. Choose a vacation-worthy destination
Now for the fun part. If you aren't tied to a specific location due to a work event, then pick a destination that excites you.
Our
home base is Portland, Oregon, and my husband and I structure our
workations based on locations with the best weather. During the winter
we'll travel to the Southern Hemisphere where it's summer, such as South
America, Australia and New Zealand. And we spend summers in the United
States, Europe or Asia.
Our general schedule is to spend four to
six weeks at home, regrouping and conducting in-person work, and then
head on a two- to four-week workation. This allows us to conduct
necessary face-to-face business, and get out of town.
4. Organize communication methods
Technology
is essential for seamless workations, so make sure that your
destination has speedy Internet access. And coordinate with your office
on which technologies you will need to use to keep in touch, like
attending meetings via video (Google offers free video chat) and
conducting conference calls on Skype.
If you're in a different
time zone, designate working hours each day — and set boundaries with
colleagues by letting them know when you will be online.
5. Travel affordably
Workations
don't need to break the bank. Consider swapping your apartment with a
fellow traveler to save on hotel costs, or check out Airbnb.com and
VRBO.com, which feature furnished, short-term apartments and homes for
rent.
You can also rent out your own home to cover housing costs
and earn extra travel money. (Some cities have made short-term renting
illegal, so just be sure to research whether regulations in your cities
make this a viable option for you.)
My husband and I pay about
$1,200 in monthly housing expenses. However, thanks to the
short-term-rental market rates in our Portland neighborhood, we can
charge up to $3,200 per month or $108 a night — which covers our rent
and gives us an extra $2,000 to spend on flights and other travel costs.
6. Balance work with vacation
Be sure to
spend evenings and time on the weekends away from the computer, so you
actually get refreshed by your new surroundings. If you are in a
different time zone, designate certain working hours each day — and set
boundaries with colleagues by letting them know when you will be online.
Although workations can help you feel rejuvenated, it's also
important to take full work-free vacations, which are essential for our
minds and bodies to rest."
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Is J the sexiest letter?
It certainly seems to be featured in an inordinate number of
sex-specific words! According to Bruce Price, less than 1 percent of
English words start with J, a minor letter with an odd shape and few
other distinctions. Except when it comes to sex. Then J is jumping, one
might even say jolly and juicy.
Leadbelly sang about Jumping Judy:
Well, jumping Little Judy, she was a mighty fine girl.
Judy brought jumping to this whole round world
Dylan Thomas liked to get juiced and tell the prettiest girl at the party, "I want to jump your bones."
J
has some weird sexual je-ne-sais-quoi mojo, some humor (jests, jibes,
jokes, jocularity), some sweetness (jams and jellies, Jujubes and
Jujifruit), and some heat (joules).
Mick Jagger just sounds randy. And mint julep just sounds debauched, as The Clovers revealed in the 1952 hit "One Mint Julep":
I didn't know what I was doin'
I had to marry all day screwing....
One mint julep was the cause of it all.
Jugs
jiggle; and a johnson is a big one. A hooker's customer is a John. Jack
basically means male. The female of some species is called a jenny
(e.g., jenny wren). And sexy young girls are jailbait.
The First
Lady of the jungle was "You, Jane." Mary doesn't work, does it? While
we're in the jungle, a famous lesbian novel was called "Rubyfruit
Jungle."
Yes, that's what it means, as does jelly roll. An old blues song pulsed:
Jelly roll, jelly roll, sittin' on a fence
If you doan get some you ain't got no sense
Just wild bout my jelly
My sweet jelly roll.
Sexy
women often have J-names: Jezebel, Jasmine, Jewel, Joy, Josephine. If
you listen to Fats Domino sing about Josephine, you know she's hot:
Hello Josephine, how do you do?
Do you remember me baby?
Like I remember you
You used to laugh at me and holler, woo woo woo
Just
about the only color name with J is Jade, a green stone, a girl's name,
and a word with hot subtext. Urban Dictionary says, "Jade is someone
who overreacts about a sexually orientated situation. For example, 'Oh
my god, my nipples are erected!' 'You're such a Jade!'" Too much of that
makes you jaded.
Jockey is all about riding, sometimes riding
people. Jubilees are occasions for jubilation. Jamborees are good
parties, people jitterbugging, sexy music on the jukebox. Juke
originally meant "bawdy" or "wicked."
Hand jive, doesn't that
sound dirty? When Johnny Otis (A.K.A. Willie and the Hand Jive) sang
about "doing that crazy hand jive," this was serious titillation.
Censors believed the song glorified masturbation, at least. That was all
they could dare mention in 1958:
Mama, mama, look at Sister Flo
Doing that hand jive with Uncle Joe
When I gave little sister a dime
I said "Do that hand jive one more time"
Jazz
was sexual slang before it was music. "Jas" was a Creole brothel where
jezebels worked. Music for the clients became known as "Jas music",
sometimes "Jass music." When the word "Jass" was printed on posters, the
letter "J" was sometimes crossed out for a joke. Promoters knew "ass
music" was offensive, so the spelling moved from "Jass" to "Jazz", hence
"Jazz music."
A lot of porno words start with J; and words that
aren't always porno words move in that direction very quickly: junk,
jack, jerk, jag, jam, jimmie, and joint. Sex can hardly be discussed
without the word job. "Jack off" spawned "jill off."
A printed J doesn't look sexy. But script a cursive capital J. It's rubenesque and voluptuous. Maybe that's J's secret.
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How You Can Connect Any Two Pages on the Internet in 19 clicks or less
A Hungarian physicist finds that the web's organizing principles aren't all that different from "six degrees of Kevin Bacon."
The
outer limits of the worldwide web can feel like an infinite fraying of
loose ends and time-sucking wormholes. But the web's estimated 14
billion individual pages and 1 trillion documents are actually connected
more efficiently than anyone might reasonably imagine.
Researchers,
publishing their findings in the Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society, have discovered that you can navigate from any single
page on the web to any other page in a mere 19 clicks or less. The
principle is similar to the game "six degrees of Kevin Bacon," except
with obscure, fringe-y GeoCities pages instead of, say, Cameron Diaz.
The
19-click threshold was discovered by Hungarian physicist Albert-Laszlo
Barabasi, who used computer simulations to get a better grasp of the
web's vast, unmapped architecture.
Here's where things get
particularly fascinating: Even though the web is growing at an
unprecedented rate — some estimates suggest as many as 3.7 million new
domains are registered every month — Barabasi claims the magic number 19
will hold true until the last ethernet cable on Earth crumbles into
dust.
How can this be? According to Smithsonian Mag, Barabasi
argues that the web, while it may seem random, is actually arranged "in
an interconnected hierarchy of organizational themes, including region,
country, and subject area." In that sense, it doesn't matter how much
bigger the web gets, since it will always be organized in a similar way.
How
does this organization work? Look at this website's navigation bar up
above, for example. Or scroll to the bottom of Wikipedia to see data
organized by different languages. The basic organizing principles
employed by search engines, aggregators, and other big, connecting nodes
like Reddit help to make the web a less messy place overall. In fact,
these large internet hubs are what make getting from Point A to Point B
possible in the first place — like the LAXs and JFKs of the digital
globe.
So go ahead. Give it a shot. We can't guarantee you'll be
able to pull off 19 clicks at first blush. But, in the spirit of
interconnectedness, we do recommend that you try starting your journey
from here :-)
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The 5 Best Reactions to the TIME cover story on Millennials
Millennials like listicles, right? Millennials stopped sexting and posting selfies
just long enough this week to notice something curious on the Internet:
A story in TIME titled, "The Me Me Me Generation: Millennials are lazy,
entitled narcissists who still live with their parents. Why they'll
save us all."
It was written by Joel Stein, a member of Gen X,
which invented flannel and Wynona Ryder. The cover features a girl
taking a selfie on her iPhone. It's a skill every millennial learns now
instead of how to write in cursive. (We made a listicle about it, the
millennial's preferred way of consuming information.)
Stein
balances negative traits associated with millennials (narcissistic,
lazy, stunted) with positive ones (resourceful, optimistic, adaptable)
for what Salon's Daniel D'Addario calls an "admirably executed" story.
TIME's cover alone, however, was enough to raise the ire of millennials,
who took to the internet to do what they do best — talk about
themselves:
1. The Awl
The Awl — an online
publication popular with millennials — summed up TIME's business savvy
in a tweet that linked to some photos, a new-fangled method of driving
something they call "traffic" to "content."
2. TIME Millennials
Once
millennials are done tweeting, they check Tumblr, just in case someone
posted a picture of Ryan Gosling. That's where TIME Millennials was
born. It showcases one of the Me Me Me Generation's greatest talents:
Creating memes, this time out of a controversial magazine cover:
3. Marc Tracy, New Republic
Marc
Tracy, a self-proclaimed millennial, wonders if members of his
generation are "stunted" — i.e., not leaving their parents' house,
getting married, or having kids — because older generations left them
with a shattered economy:
Right now, older generations are in the
process of slowly bequeathing millennials a society more "in debt" than
ever before: "in debt" in the sense of living on borrowed time, with
only future, merely hypothetical promises as collateral — "in debt"
ecologically, financially, politically, culturally. At this moment, TIME
has decided to focus on the millennials, and to tar them as "entitled"
for not feeling totally okay about all of this. [New Republic]
4. Elspeth Reeve, The Atlantic Wire
Reeve takes
us on a nostalgic tour of alarmist magazine covers past, from a 1976 New
York article by Tom Wolfe titled "The Me Generation," to another TIME
special saying this about Generation X:
They have trouble making
decisions. They would rather hike in the Himalayas than climb a
corporate ladder… They crave entertainment, but their attention span is
as short as one zap of a TV dial… They postpone marriage because they
dread divorce. [TIME]
The problem with these stories, says Reeve,
is that everyone, in every generation, is kind of lost and navel-gazing
in their 20s.
"Basically, it's not that people born after 1980
are narcissists, it's that young people are narcissists, and they get
over themselves as they get older," Reeve writes. "It's like doing a
study of toddlers and declaring those born since 2010 are 'Generation
Sociopath: Kids These Days Will Pull Your Hair, Pee On Walls, Throw Full
Bowls of Cereal Without Even Thinking of the Consequences.'"
5. Ezra Klein, The Washington Post
Ezra Klein, the media world's very own millennial wunderkind, put his objections to the article in easy-to-digest chart form:
That
looks awfully like the priorities past generations had. To many in the
media, however, the 1 percent of millennials who think becoming famous
is "one of the most important things in their lives" are the only ones
that exist.
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